Who Wrote Cat on a Hot Tin Roof — What You Didn't Know Until Now: A Beginner's Guide

Tennessee Williams' "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" is a cornerstone of American theatre, a powerful and emotionally charged drama exploring themes of mendacity, desire, and the complexities of family relationships. But behind the Pulitzer Prize-winning play lies a fascinating story, filled with revisions, alternate endings, and a complex relationship between the playwright and his director. This guide will walk you through the key aspects of the play's authorship, clearing up common misconceptions and providing a deeper understanding of its creation.

Understanding the Basics: Tennessee Williams – The Playwright

First and foremost, let's be absolutely clear: Tennessee Williams wrote "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof." There's no debate about that. He's credited as the sole author, and the play bears his distinct stylistic hallmarks: lyrical language, deeply flawed characters grappling with internal conflicts, and a Southern Gothic atmosphere thick with tension and unspoken desires.

Think of it like this: Williams is the architect who designed the house. He conceived the overall structure, the rooms, and the intended function. But sometimes, architects collaborate with interior designers who suggest changes to the furniture, paint colors, and overall aesthetic. In the case of "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof," that interior designer was Elia Kazan.

The Collaboration: Elia Kazan and the Broadway Production

Elia Kazan was a renowned director, known for his work on stage and screen, including "A Streetcar Named Desire" (also by Williams) and "Death of a Salesman." When "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" was slated for Broadway, Kazan was brought on to direct.

Here's where things get interesting. Kazan felt the original third act of the play was weak and urged Williams to rewrite it. He believed that the focus needed to shift more towards Brick, the play's central character, and his journey towards confronting his own truths. Williams, initially resistant, eventually conceded and made significant revisions.

The Two Versions: Broadway and After

This collaboration resulted in two distinct versions of "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof":

  • The Broadway Version (often called the Kazan Version): This is the version that premiered on Broadway in 1955 and won the Pulitzer Prize. It features a more hopeful ending, with Brick actively engaging in the future of the Pollitt family and his relationship with Maggie.

  • The Original Version (Williams' Preferred Version): This version, published later, reflects Williams' original vision for the play. It's darker, more ambiguous, and offers a less optimistic resolution. Brick remains largely unchanged, and the play ends on a more uncertain note.

    • Key Differences Between the Versions:

    The most significant differences lie in the third act:

  • Brick's Role: In the Kazan version, Brick becomes more active in the final act, confronting Big Daddy and acknowledging his feelings for Skipper. In the original version, he remains more withdrawn and emotionally stunted.

  • Big Daddy's Fate: While Big Daddy is dying in both versions, the Kazan version offers a glimmer of hope for reconciliation and understanding. The original version is more stark in its depiction of his impending demise and the lack of genuine connection within the family.

  • The Ending: The Broadway version offers a more conventional, almost Hollywood-esque ending, with the possibility of Brick and Maggie rebuilding their marriage. The original version leaves the audience with a sense of unease and unresolved tension.

    • Common Pitfalls and Misconceptions:

  • Kazan Co-Authored the Play: This is incorrect. While Kazan significantly influenced the final Broadway version, he didn't write any of the dialogue or create the characters. He acted as a dramaturgical consultant, suggesting changes to the structure and emphasis.

  • The Broadway Version is the "True" Version: This is a matter of opinion. Many theatre scholars and Williams purists prefer the original version, arguing that it more accurately reflects the playwright's artistic intentions. However, the Broadway version remains incredibly popular and is often the version performed by regional theatres due to its perceived accessibility.

  • Williams Was Happy with the Revisions: Not entirely. While he appreciated Kazan's input in getting the play produced, he also expressed reservations about compromising his artistic vision. He later published the original version, signaling his preference for his initial creation.

    • Practical Examples: Identifying the Versions

    How can you tell which version you're reading or seeing performed?

  • Check the Publication: Look for annotations or introductions that specifically mention the Kazan version or the original version. Many modern editions will include both versions or provide detailed notes about the differences.

  • Pay Attention to the Ending: The final scene is a key indicator. Does Brick actively engage with Maggie and Big Daddy? Does he show signs of emotional growth? If so, you're likely witnessing the Broadway version. If he remains largely unchanged and the ending feels more unresolved, it's likely the original version.

  • Research the Production: If you're attending a performance, check the program or the theatre's website for information about the version being presented.

Conclusion: Appreciating the Complexity

The story of "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" is a compelling example of the collaborative nature of theatre and the complexities of artistic compromise. While Tennessee Williams is undeniably the author, Elia Kazan's influence shaped the play's Broadway success and contributed to the enduring legacy of this American classic. Understanding the existence of two versions allows you to appreciate the different interpretations and engage with the play on a deeper, more nuanced level. Whether you prefer the hopeful ending of the Kazan version or the stark realism of Williams' original vision, "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" remains a powerful and thought-provoking exploration of human relationships and the struggle for truth in a world of lies. Ultimately, the "true" version is the one that resonates most deeply with you.